The Works of Philo of Alexandria, “Who is the Heir of Divine Things” (Quis Rerum Divinarum Heres)
A Series of Articles Summarising the Tractates of Philo of Alexandria
Introduction
Philo of Alexandria’s tractate “Who is the Heir of Divine Things” (Quis Rerum Divinarum Heres) is an examination of who is deemed worthy to inherit the wisdom and blessings of God.
This text delves into the qualities and characteristics that make someone an heir to the divine, using the Biblical figures of Isaac and his two sons, Esau and Jacob, as focal points for the discussion.
Philo explores themes of virtue, divine favour, and spiritual inheritance through his characteristic blend of Jewish theology and Hellenistic philosophy.
You can find the complete list of articles in this Medium.com list:
Overview and Structure
This tractate's structure is centred around examining the Biblical narratives that deal with the concepts of inheritance and succession, particularly the stories of Abraham’s and Isaac’s families.
Philo uses these stories to discuss broader spiritual and ethical questions regarding the nature of who is worthy to receive and continue the legacy of divine knowledge and blessings.
Themes and Content
Nature of Divine Inheritance
Philo begins by defining what constitutes “divine things” — these include spiritual wisdom, moral virtue, and the blessings associated with living a life in accordance with God’s will. He contrasts this with worldly inheritances, which are transient and material.
Qualities of the Heir
Central to Philo’s argument is discussing the qualities that make one a suitable heir to divine things. These qualities include faith, obedience, humility, love of virtue, and the pursuit of knowledge. Philo argues that inheriting divine things is not a matter of lineage or birthright but of spiritual and moral character.
Esau and Jacob as Examples
Philo contrasts Esau and Jacob, examining their virtues and flaws to illustrate who is more worthy of divine inheritance. Esau, who is described as impulsive and materialistic, is contrasted with Jacob, who is portrayed as thoughtful and spiritually oriented. Philo uses their story to discuss how spiritual discernment and the prioritization of the eternal over the temporal are critical in determining one’s worthiness to be an heir of God.
The Role of Trials and Testing
Philo reflects on the role of trials in the life of potential heirs. He views the challenges figures like Jacob face as divine tests meant to refine and prepare the soul for its inheritance. These trials are not punishments but opportunities for growth and demonstration of fidelity to divine principles.
Divine Election and Grace
The concept of divine election plays a significant role in Philo’s discussion. He explores how divine grace and selection are not arbitrary but responses to individuals' intrinsic qualities and choices. Philo emphasizes that while divine election is a gift, it must be met with a corresponding human effort to pursue virtue and wisdom.
Implications for Philo’s Audience
Philo uses the narrative to address his contemporary audience, encouraging them to see themselves in the light of these Biblical characters. He urges them to strive to be worthy heirs of divine things by living lives of virtue and by seeking deeper understanding and closeness to God.
Impact
In “Who is the Heir of Divine Things,” Philo provides a philosophical and theological exploration of what it means to be an heir to the spiritual and ethical wealth promised by God.
He uses the stories of Isaac, Esau, and Jacob to craft a narrative about spiritual inheritance that emphasizes moral integrity and the pursuit of divine wisdom.
This work offers insights into the nature of divine blessings and serves as a moral guide, urging readers to cultivate the qualities that would make them worthy of such an inheritance.
Philo’s interpretation encourages a reflective and virtuous approach to life, aligned with pursuing deeper spiritual goals.
