The Works of Philo of Alexandria, “Questions and Answers on Genesis, II” (Quastiones et Solutiones in Genesis, II)
A Series of Articles Summarising the Tractates of Philo of Alexandria
Introduction
Philo of Alexandria’s “Questions and Answers on Genesis, II” (Quaestiones et Solutiones in Genesis, II) continues the exploration and interpretation of the Book of Genesis that began in the first volume of this series.
In this second instalment, Philo extends his allegorical and philosophical examination to later chapters of Genesis, focusing particularly on the complex narratives surrounding the patriarchs, such as Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph.
This work employs a question-and-answer format to delve into these biblical stories' intricacies and underlying meanings, providing insights that blend Jewish theological perspectives with Hellenistic philosophical thought.
This article is one of a series on the works of Philo of Alexandria, all of which are listed in the below Medium.com list:
This article is one of a series on the works of Philo of Alexandria, all of which are listed in the below Medium.com list:
Overview and Structure
The structure of “Questions and Answers on Genesis, II” follows a consistent format. Each section begins with a specific question related to a passage in Genesis, followed by Philo’s detailed answer. These questions often address apparent contradictions, unclear passages, or ethical and theological dilemmas presented in the scripture. Philo uses these queries as opportunities to explore deeper philosophical and spiritual truths embedded in the biblical text.
Themes and Content
Isaac’s Life and Trials
Philo examines the episodes involving Isaac, including the binding of Isaac and Isaac’s blessings to his sons. He explores themes of faith, obedience, and providence, discussing how these stories symbolize deeper spiritual tests and divine interventions.
Jacob’s Journeys and Visions
Questions surrounding Jacob include his ladder vision, the wrestling at Peniel, and his relationships with Esau and Laban. Philo interprets these narratives as allegories for the soul’s journey towards virtue, the struggle between higher and lower impulses, and the quest for spiritual enlightenment.
Joseph’s Dreams and His Rise in Egypt
The story of Joseph allows Philo to discuss issues of fate, divine justice, and the role of providence. He delves into the significance of Joseph’s dreams, his unjust treatment by his brothers, and his eventual rise to power in Egypt, viewing these events as manifestations of divine will and lessons in moral and spiritual governance.
The Dynamics of the Patriarchal Family
Philo addresses questions related to family dynamics, such as Isaac and Rebecca's favouritism toward their sons and Jacob’s favouritism towards Joseph. These discussions often touch on the consequences of such actions and the moral lessons they impart.
Ethical and Moral Questions
Many of the questions raised in the tractate concern ethical and moral issues, such as deception (e.g., Jacob deceiving Esau), reconciliation (e.g., Jacob and Esau’s reunion), and justice (e.g., Joseph dealing with his brothers). Philo uses these stories to discuss the complexities of human behaviour and divine justice.
Theological Insights
Throughout his responses, Philo weaves theological insights into his interpretations, particularly regarding God’s omnipresence, omniscience, and interactions with humanity. He often discusses how these divine attributes influence the patriarchs' narrative and lives.
Allegorical Interpretations
Consistent with his philosophical approach, Philo frequently resorts to allegorical interpretations, where characters and events represent broader spiritual realities, such as the soul’s struggles and aspirations, the virtues and vices that guide human actions, and the pursuit of divine wisdom.
Conclusion
In “Questions and Answers on Genesis, II,” Philo of Alexandria provides a tapestry of interpretations illuminating the complex narratives of Genesis through the lens of Jewish faith enriched with Hellenistic philosophy.
This work not only clarifies and explores the biblical text but also offers readers philosophical and ethical guidance.
Philo’s methodical approach to dissecting these narratives shows his deep commitment to understanding scripture in a way that resonates with both contemporary and modern readers, seeking to reconcile faith with reason and tradition with philosophical inquiry.
